Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a serious condition that can progress rapidly in dogs. Early recognition of symptoms is crucial for successful treatment and recovery. Understanding the subtle signs can make the difference between a full recovery and permanent damage.

What is IVDD?

Intervertebral Disc Disease occurs when the cushioning discs between vertebrae in the spine become damaged or degenerate. This can cause the disc material to press against the spinal cord, leading to pain, nerve damage, and in severe cases, paralysis.

⚠ī¸ ⚠ī¸ Emergency Warning
If your dog shows sudden paralysis, inability to walk, or loss of bladder/bowel control, seek emergency veterinary care immediately.

Early Warning Signs of IVDD

1. Changes in Posture and Movement

Stiff or hunched back: One of the most common early signs is a hunched or arched back. Your dog may appear tense and unwilling to move normally.

Reluctance to move: Dogs with IVDD often become less active, avoiding stairs, jumping, or running. They may seem “lazy” when they’re actually in pain.

Stiff gait: Watch for changes in how your dog walks - they may appear stiff-legged or move more slowly than usual.

2. Pain Indicators

Yelping or crying: Sudden vocalizations when moving, being touched, or during normal activities can indicate pain.

Sensitivity to touch: Your dog may flinch, growl, or move away when you touch their back or neck area.

Shaking or trembling: Some dogs with IVDD show trembling, especially when standing or walking.

3. Behavioral Changes

Decreased appetite: Pain can cause dogs to eat less or show disinterest in food.

Restlessness: Difficulty finding a comfortable position, frequent position changes, or inability to settle.

Depression or lethargy: A normally active dog becoming withdrawn or less interested in activities they usually enjoy.

Risk Factors for IVDD

Breed Predisposition

  • Dachshunds (highest risk)
  • Basset Hounds
  • Beagles
  • Cocker Spaniels
  • Pekingese
  • Shih Tzus
  • French Bulldogs
  • Pugs

Other Risk Factors

  • Age: Most common in dogs 3-7 years old
  • Obesity: Extra weight puts additional strain on the spine
  • Previous injury: Trauma to the back or neck
  • Genetics: Some dogs inherit a predisposition to disc problems

When to Call Your Veterinarian

Seek immediate veterinary care if your dog shows:

  • Sudden paralysis or inability to walk
  • Loss of bladder or bowel control
  • Severe pain that doesn’t improve with rest
  • Inability to stand or support their weight
  • Dragging of limbs

Schedule a veterinary visit if your dog shows:

  • Persistent stiffness or hunched posture
  • Reluctance to move or exercise
  • Sensitivity when touched on the back or neck
  • Changes in gait or movement patterns
  • Behavioral changes lasting more than 24 hours

Diagnostic Process

Your veterinarian will perform a thorough examination including:

  1. Physical examination - Checking for pain, muscle weakness, and neurological function
  2. Neurological assessment - Testing reflexes, coordination, and sensation
  3. Imaging studies - X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to visualize the spine and discs
  4. Blood work - To rule out other conditions and assess overall health

Treatment Options

Conservative Management (Mild Cases)

  • Strict rest and confinement for 4-6 weeks
  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • Pain management
  • Physical therapy once stable

Surgical Treatment (Severe Cases)

  • Decompressive surgery to remove disc material pressing on the spinal cord
  • Post-operative rehabilitation
  • Long-term management strategies

Prevention Strategies

Weight Management

  • Keep your dog at a healthy weight to reduce spinal stress
  • Work with your veterinarian to determine ideal weight

Exercise Modifications

  • Avoid activities that put strain on the back (jumping, rough play)
  • Use ramps instead of stairs when possible
  • Provide supportive bedding

Regular Veterinary Care

  • Annual check-ups to monitor overall health
  • Early intervention for any concerning symptoms
  • Breed-specific screening if applicable

Recovery and Prognosis

Early detection and treatment significantly improve outcomes. Many dogs with mild IVDD can recover fully with proper care, while severe cases may require ongoing management.

Recovery time varies from weeks to months depending on severity and treatment approach.

Living with IVDD

Dogs with IVDD can lead happy, fulfilling lives with proper management:

  • Environmental modifications to prevent re-injury
  • Ongoing veterinary monitoring
  • Appropriate exercise and activity levels
  • Pain management as needed
ℹī¸ 💡 Key Takeaway
The earlier IVDD is detected and treated, the better the outcome. Don’t ignore subtle changes in your dog’s behavior or movement - they could be early warning signs of a serious condition.

Conclusion

IVDD is a serious but manageable condition when caught early. By understanding the early symptoms and risk factors, you can help ensure your dog receives prompt veterinary care and the best possible outcome. Remember, when in doubt, it’s always better to have your dog examined by a veterinarian than to wait and risk permanent damage.

Your vigilance and quick action can make all the difference in your dog’s recovery and quality of life.