Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) is a progressive, incurable disease that affects the spinal cord of dogs, leading to gradual paralysis of the hind legs. While the diagnosis can be devastating, understanding the disease helps you provide the best possible care for your dog.

ℹī¸ 💡 Key Points About DM
  • DM is not painful for your dog
  • It progresses slowly over months to years
  • There is currently no cure
  • Quality of life can be maintained with proper care
  • Early diagnosis allows for better management

What is Degenerative Myelopathy?

Degenerative Myelopathy is a neurological disease that affects the white matter of the spinal cord. The disease causes the protective covering of nerve fibers (myelin) to break down, disrupting communication between the brain and the hind legs.

Think of it like the insulation on electrical wires wearing away - the signals from the brain can’t properly reach the back legs, causing weakness and eventually paralysis.

Breeds Most Commonly Affected

While DM can affect any breed, certain breeds have a higher genetic predisposition:

High-Risk Breeds:

  • German Shepherds - Most commonly affected breed
  • Boxers - Second most common
  • Pembroke Welsh Corgis
  • Cardigan Welsh Corgis
  • Bernese Mountain Dogs
  • Rhodesian Ridgebacks
  • American Eskimo Dogs
  • Poodles (Standard and Miniature)

Early Signs and Symptoms

⚠ī¸ 🚨 Early Warning Signs
  • Hind leg weakness - Your dog may stumble or have difficulty getting up
  • Dragging of rear paws - You may hear a scraping sound when they walk
  • Loss of coordination - Wobbly gait or crossing of hind legs
  • Difficulty with stairs - Reluctance to climb or descend
  • Muscle loss - Thinning of the thigh muscles
  • Knuckling over - Walking on the tops of their paws

Disease Progression

DM typically follows a predictable progression pattern:

Stage 1: Early Signs (Months 1-3)

  • Mild hind leg weakness
  • Slight changes in gait
  • Occasional stumbling
  • Difficulty with certain movements

Stage 2: Moderate Weakness (Months 3-6)

  • More noticeable weakness
  • Frequent stumbling
  • Difficulty getting up
  • Muscle loss becoming apparent

Stage 3: Severe Weakness (Months 6-12)

  • Cannot walk without support
  • Complete loss of coordination
  • May need a wheelchair
  • Front legs still strong

Stage 4: Paralysis (Months 12+)

  • Complete paralysis of hind legs
  • May affect front legs
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Quality of life decisions needed

Diagnosis Process

Diagnosing DM involves several steps and can be challenging because symptoms can mimic other conditions:

1. Physical Examination

Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical exam, checking for:

  • Muscle tone and strength
  • Reflexes in all four legs
  • Coordination and balance
  • Pain response

2. Neurological Assessment

A neurological exam will test:

  • Deep pain sensation
  • Proprioception (awareness of limb position)
  • Spinal reflexes
  • Coordination tests

3. Genetic Testing

A DNA test can identify the SOD1 gene mutation associated with DM. This test:

  • Can be done with a simple cheek swab
  • Identifies carriers and affected dogs
  • Helps with breeding decisions
  • Provides a definitive diagnosis

4. Advanced Imaging

MRI or CT scans may be recommended to:

  • Rule out other conditions (IVDD, tumors, etc.)
  • Confirm DM diagnosis
  • Assess the extent of spinal cord damage

What to Expect After Diagnosis

Receiving a DM diagnosis can be overwhelming. Here’s what you should know:

Emotional Impact

  • It’s normal to feel grief, anger, and helplessness
  • Your dog doesn’t know they have a terminal disease
  • Focus on quality of life, not quantity
  • Seek support from other DM dog owners

Practical Considerations

  • Start planning for mobility assistance
  • Consider home modifications
  • Research equipment (wheelchairs, harnesses)
  • Find a supportive veterinary team

Treatment and Management

While there’s no cure for DM, several approaches can help maintain quality of life:

Physical Therapy

  • Range of motion exercises
  • Strengthening exercises for remaining muscles
  • Balance and coordination training
  • Hydrotherapy (water therapy)

Nutrition and Supplements

  • High-quality protein diet
  • Omega-3 fatty acids
  • Antioxidant supplements
  • Weight management

Mobility Assistance

  • Support harnesses and slings
  • Dog wheelchairs
  • Ramps and stairs
  • Non-slip surfaces

Quality of Life Assessment

Regular quality of life assessments help you make informed decisions about your dog’s care:

Signs of Good Quality of Life:

  • Still enjoys food and treats
  • Responds to family members
  • Shows interest in surroundings
  • Can eliminate without excessive difficulty
  • Not in pain or distress

Signs of Declining Quality of Life:

  • Loss of appetite
  • Withdrawal from family
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Incontinence issues
  • Signs of pain or distress

Support and Resources

You don’t have to face DM alone. Many resources are available:

Online Communities

  • Facebook groups for DM dogs
  • Breed-specific support groups
  • Online forums and message boards

Professional Support

  • Veterinary neurologists
  • Rehabilitation specialists
  • Physical therapists
  • Pet loss counselors

Looking Forward

While DM is a challenging diagnosis, many dogs live happy, fulfilling lives with proper care and support. Focus on:

  • Creating good memories - Enjoy every day with your dog
  • Adapting to changes - Be flexible as the disease progresses
  • Seeking support - Don’t hesitate to ask for help
  • Making informed decisions - Trust your instincts about your dog’s needs

Remember: Your dog doesn’t know they have a terminal disease. They only know they’re loved and cared for. That’s what matters most.